Aortic dissection is a condition in which blood flow forces the layers of the wall of the aorta apart, creating a false channel within the vessel wall. It is typically associated with high blood pressure and can develop on its own or in association with an existing aortic aneurysm. The separation can extend from the thoracic aorta through the entire length of the aorta and can block arteries supplying the legs, arms, kidneys, brain and spinal cord.
Aortic dissection is classified as Type A (involving the ascending aorta) or Type B (confined to the descending thoracic aorta). Type A dissections are surgical emergencies requiring urgent open repair. Type B dissections are initially managed with aggressive blood pressure control and close monitoring; in complicated cases, endovascular repair (TEVAR) may be required to stabilise the dissection and protect key blood vessels.
Prompt diagnosis and specialist management are critical. If you experience sudden severe chest or back pain, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
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Frequently Asked Questions
An aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the inner layer of the aortic wall, allowing blood to flow between the layers and split them apart. This can rapidly compromise blood flow to vital organs and is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.