A varicocele is a collection of enlarged veins in the scrotum, caused by faulty valves in the veins that allow blood to flow back into the scrotum instead of carrying it towards the heart, causing the scrotal veins to bulge. The affected veins are those that travel in the spermatic cord, which contains the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the penis).
This condition most frequently affects the left testicle due to a difference in testicular vein anatomy on the left versus the right. Varicoceles may cause discomfort and in some cases testicular atrophy (shrinkage). There is also speculation that varicocele may contribute to infertility. Clinically it presents as a collection of easily felt enlarged veins around the testis, and the size of these scrotal varicose veins is frequently larger after prolonged standing, physical exercise or straining. It can also cause discomfort felt within the scrotum after sexual intercourse.
Treatment
Testicular vein embolisation involves gaining access to the main vein in the groin (femoral vein) using ultrasound guidance and inserting a small catheter, which is guided to the location of the faulty vein under live X-ray imaging. The faulty testicular vein is then sealed with special metal coils, eliminating the abnormal reflux without the need for open surgery.
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Frequently Asked Questions
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. It occurs when the valves in the testicular veins fail to function properly, causing blood to pool and the veins to dilate. Varicoceles are found in approximately 15% of men and are more common on the left side.