Understanding Stroke and Vascular Surgery
A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is suddenly interrupted. There are two main types: ischaemic stroke, caused by a blocked artery, and haemorrhagic stroke, caused by a burst blood vessel. In both cases, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die within minutes.
The Role of the Carotid Artery
One of the most common contributors to ischaemic stroke is narrowing of the carotid arteries — the major blood vessels on either side of the neck that supply blood to the brain. This narrowing, known as carotid stenosis, is often caused by a build-up of fatty plaque (atherosclerosis) and can significantly increase the risk of stroke.
Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIAs)
A TIA, or ‘mini-stroke’, produces stroke-like symptoms that resolve within 24 hours. TIAs are important warning signs that should be taken seriously, as they often precede a full stroke. Early assessment and treatment can dramatically reduce the risk of a more serious event.
How a Vascular Surgeon Can Help
Mr Marek Garbowski, Consultant Vascular Surgeon at Perth Vascular Clinic, specialises in the assessment and treatment of carotid artery disease. Treatment options include:
- Carotid Endarterectomy — a surgical procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery
- Carotid Artery Stenting — a minimally invasive procedure using a small mesh tube to keep the artery open
The most appropriate treatment depends on the degree of stenosis, the patient’s overall health, and individual risk factors. Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of future stroke.
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Frequently Asked Questions
A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted, either by a blockage (ischaemic stroke) or a bleed (haemorrhagic stroke). Brain cells begin to die within minutes of losing their blood supply, making stroke a medical emergency. Rapid recognition and treatment are critical to minimising lasting disability.